Protests https://one.usc.edu/ en Cooper Do-nuts https://one.usc.edu/story/cooper-do-nuts <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--story.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Cooper Do-nuts</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--story.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span>USCLibWeb</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--story.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Tue, 06/07/2022 - 19:36</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-summary--story.html.twig * field--node--field-summary.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-summary.html.twig * field--string-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-summary field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Abstract</div> <div class="field__item">Predating the Stonewall Riots by ten years, Cooper Do-nuts was the site of a 1959 protest against the LAPD&#039;s harrassment of the gay and transgender clientele frequenting the shop. Due to Cooper Do-nuts&#039; proximity to several gay and lesbian establishments, a case of resisting arrest evolved into a full-scale riot that is remembered as the first open act of LGBTQ resistance toward police abuse in the United States.</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-content--story.html.twig * field--node--field-content.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-content.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-content field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Content</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--text--default.html.twig x paragraph--text.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/paragraphs/paragraph--text.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="text-card"> <div class="body-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-body--text.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-body.html.twig * field--paragraph--text.html.twig * field--field-body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Cooper Do-nuts (also known as Cooper's Do-nuts) was a 24-hour café popular with the gay, lesbian, and transgender community that frequented the gay and lesbian bars surrounding the establishment in Los Angeles' Skid Row district, a "gay ghetto" of the 1950s and 60s. Many sources claim the location to have been at 547 S Main Street, but the Los Angeles Almanac argues that the true location would have been a few blocks east at 316 E 5th Street due to city directories placing the Cooper Do-nuts location closest to Main Street at that address. </p> <p>Cooper Do-nuts was notably one of the few establishments in the Los Angeles area to welcome transgender patrons, as many gay and lesbian bars were wary of the LAPD's targeting and persecution of transgender and gender non-conforming citizens and turned them away for fear of being arrested themselves. Regardless, Cooper Do-nuts became a popular hangout for the LGBTQ community as a whole, largely thanks to its location sandwiched between two gay bars, Harold's and The Waldorf. </p> <p>Under the leadership of chief William H. Parker, who took over in 1950, LAPD arrests for homosexuality increased by more than 85%. A routine form of harrassment included demanding to see the identifications of patrons in known and rumored LGBTQ hangouts. If their outward presentation didn't match the gender on their ID, they would be arrested under the pretense of "sex perversion." Such a form of harrassment occured at Cooper Do-nuts one night in May 1959 — according to author John Rechy, who was present in the café that night and provides one of the only original accounts of the incident in his 1963 novel <em>City of Night</em>, two cops entered Cooper Do-nuts and singled out five individuals. Rechy describes this form of arrest: "They interrogate you, fingerprint you without booking you: an illegal L.A. cop-tactic to scare you from hanging around." </p> <p>The five patrons — two drag queens, two male sex workers, and one gay man — were led outside to be arrested following the ID checks, and when the officers attempted to shove all five into the same police car, one of the men began to protest being crammed into the packed car. His protest spurred the crowd of onlooking fellow patrons into action, and together a group of lesbians, transgender women, drag queens, and gay men rushed into the streets and began to pelt the officers with donuts, paper plates, coffee cups, and anything else they could get their hands on. The cops fled to call for reinforcements without making the arrests, and the LGBTQ crowd present celebrated the victory and vented their frustrations at yet another intrusion upon their rights. As Rechy puts it, "...the street was bustling with disobedience. Gay people danced about the cars." </p> <p>By the time the police returned with reinforcements, the crowd of demonstrators had grown thanks to word of the resistance act spreading down the blocks to Main Street where a number of LGBTQ-friendly bars resided. The reinforcements were ordered to contain the "riot" and closed off a section of Main Street for the remainder of the night, making several arrests. John Rechy was slated for arrest, but managed to escape. Despite police eventually managing to wrestle back control over the area, the Cooper Do-nuts uprising is remembered as the first instance of LGBTQ rebellion against police abuse in the United States, and was subsequently followed by more well-known events such as the Black Cat Tavern protest of 1967 and the Stonewall Inn riots of 1969. </p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/paragraphs/paragraph--text.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-citations--story.html.twig * field--node--field-citations.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-citations.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-citations field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Citations</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p>Avery, Dan. <a href="www.newnownext.com/5-pre-stonewall-events-that-shaped-the-lgbt-community-trailblazers/06/2014">“5 Pre-Stonewall Moments That Changed the Course of LGBTQ History.”</a> <em>Logo: New, Now, Next</em>, 1 June 2014</p> <p>SAYiT. <a href="sayit.org.uk/lgbt-history-month-the-cooper-donuts-riot-1959">“LGBT+ History Month: The Cooper Donuts Riot - 1959.”</a> <em>SAYiT</em>, 21 Feb. 2020</p> <p><a href="www.laalmanac.com/history/hi712.php">“LGBTQ History in Los Angeles: Cooper Do-Nuts and Black Cat Tavern.”</a> <em>Los Angeles Almanac</em>, 31 Mar. 2021</p> <p>Zonkel, Phillip. <a href="qvoicenews.com/2018/05/03/queer-history-was-made-at-coopers-donuts-in-los-angeles">“Queer History Was Made at Cooper’s Donuts in Los Angeles.”</a> <em>Q Voice News</em>, 3 May 2018</p> <p>Moffitt, Evan. <a href="www.out.com/today-gay-history/2015/5/31/today-gay-history-10-years-stonewall-there-was-coopers-donuts-riot">“Today in Gay History: 10 Years Before Stonewall, There Was the Cooper’s Donuts Riot.”</a> <em>Out</em>, 31 May 2015</p></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-authors--story.html.twig * field--node--field-authors.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig x field--field-authors.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/field/field--field-authors.html.twig' --> <div class="authors"> <h3 class="heading "> Authors </h3> <article class="author"> <div class="author__details"> <div class="author__name"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/8436" hreflang="en">One Archives</a> </div> </div> </article> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/field/field--field-authors.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-node-ref--story.html.twig * field--node--field-node-ref.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-node-ref.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-node-ref field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Places</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2946--teaser.html.twig * node--2946.html.twig * node--place--teaser.html.twig * node--place.html.twig x node--teaser.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/content/node--teaser.html.twig' --> <div class="news-teaser"> <div class="news-teaser__content"> <a class="news-teaser__title" href="/archive-location/cooper-do-nuts"> <h3 class="heading "> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--place.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Cooper Do-nuts</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </h3> </a> <div class="news-teaser__date"> Thu, 08/16/2018 </div> <a class="news-teaser__link" href="/archive-location/cooper-do-nuts"> Read more <svg aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8" height="10" viewbox="0 0 8 16"><path d="M5.33 8l-5 5.63a1.52 1.52 0 000 2 1.13 1.13 0 001.74 0l5.57-6.31A1.52 1.52 0 008 8a1.52 1.52 0 00-.32-1.32L2.09.41a1.13 1.13 0 00-1.73 0 1.52 1.52 0 000 2z" fill="#404041"/></svg></a> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/content/node--teaser.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tags--story.html.twig * field--node--field-tags.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig x field--field-tags.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/field/field--field-tags.html.twig' --> <div class="tags"> <h3 class="heading "> </h3> <div class="tags__container"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/8261" class="tag"> Riots </a> <a href="/taxonomy/term/8266" class="tag"> Protests </a> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/field/field--field-tags.html.twig' --> Wed, 08 Jun 2022 02:36:20 +0000 USCLibWeb 9386 at https://one.usc.edu The Black Cat https://one.usc.edu/story/black-cat <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--story.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">The Black Cat</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--story.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span>USCLibWeb</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--story.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Tue, 06/07/2022 - 19:25</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-thumbnail--story.html.twig * field--node--field-thumbnail.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-thumbnail.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-thumbnail field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/4_3_large/public/images/media/queer_terrains/image_1967_black_cat_protest_leaflet.jpg?h=510699d7&amp;itok=xPcftiah" width="800" height="600" class="image-style-_-3-large" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-summary--story.html.twig * field--node--field-summary.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-summary.html.twig * field--string-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-summary field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Abstract</div> <div class="field__item">The Black Cat Tavern is the recognized site of the first documented LGBTQ civil rights demonstration. In February of 1967, over 200 LGBT patrons of the tavern marched peacefully in a counter-protest against police brutality following a raid in the tavern on New Year&#039;s Eve of 1966, where police entered the bar disguised in plainclothes and beat several patrons for exchanging same-sex kisses at the stroke of midnight.</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-content--story.html.twig * field--node--field-content.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-content.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-content field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Content</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--text--default.html.twig x paragraph--text.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/paragraphs/paragraph--text.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="text-card"> <div class="body-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-body--text.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-body.html.twig * field--paragraph--text.html.twig * field--field-body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Black Cat Tavern, known simply as The Black Cat, was the site of the inciting incident of one of the first major acts of organized queer protest against police abuse. Opening it doors in November 1966, The Black Cat was a regular hangout for the queer community of Silver Lake despite the dangers surrounding LGBTQ spaces at the time. Police regularly arrested gay people for gathering, even in private, and many who gathered were vulnerable to acts of harrassment and/or public humiliation, such as I.D. checks or frisking. Despite this, The Black Cat grew popular as a destination for queer Angelenos looking for a safe space to gather. </p> <p>On New Year's Eve 1967, a number of police officers entered The Black Cat disguised in plainclothes as civilians, inserting themselves into the mingling crowd of patrons counting down to midnight to watch and wait for men to kiss. At the stroke of midnight, Black Cat patron Alexei Romanoff is quoted remembering how "...people instinctively went over, hugged and kissed each other...two males kissing each other was against the law. Police were grabbing people and tearing them apart." As gay couples embraced in celebration, the infiltraiting police officers signaled to each other to alert their waiting reinforcements, and those already inside began beating and assaulting the male couples. As uniformed officers swarmed the bar alongside the plainclothes officers, the assaults escalated into brutal beatings that eventually spread to a neighboring bar, where those patrons were assaulted as well.</p> <p>According to one source, two of the Black Cat patrons attempted to flee to the nearby bar New Faces, and were pursued by police, who demanded to see the New Faces manager after catching up to and arresting the patrons. The manager, a woman named Lee Roy, was called into the room, and the officers allegedly mistook her name as "Leroy." Assuming she was a man wearing a dress, which was illegal under a California law against cross-dressing, they then subjected Lee Roy to a brutal beating, additionally attacking a bartender that attempted to come to her aid. By the end of the night, 14 people were arrested, charged with "lewd conduct", and two of the men caught kissing would later be forced to register as sex offenders. </p> <p>Romanoff describes the feelings of The Black Cat patrons as "absolute anger" after the raid. In the weeks following the raid, Romanoff alongside the organization PRIDE (Personal Rights in Defense and Education) organized a public demonstration. On February 11th, 1967, over 200 demonstrators peacefully gathered outside of The Black Cat, forming a picket line with a planned rally featuring speeches and printed leaflets promoting their cause against police abuse. The march was somber, serious, and orderly, with the protestors determined not to give the police any reason to escalate the situation or defame their efforts as a riot. "It was an angry demonstration," Romanoff said. "But orderly." Large numbers of police were dispatched to the scene, as city leaders feared a riot, but this only served to aid the protestors in staying calm, refusing to give the oppressive force any ammunition to continue the very practices they were protesting. <br /><br /> Notably, none of the protestors picket signs mention homosexuality explicitly; this was largely due to local straight nightclub/café Pandora's Box encouraging similar demonstrations among minorities in the surrounding Sunset Boulevard area to bolster a larger push-back against police brutality. As the late activist and historian Jim Kepner put it in a 1970 reflection on the Black Cat demonstration: "We arranged our demonstration to coincide with the others, but the owner of Pandora’s Box made several attempts to have us call off our demonstration when he discovered that the word ‘homosexual’ was going to be mentioned.” Under this new pressure, no explicit mentions of homosexuality were present during the Black Cat protests. <br /><br /> In 2008, the City of Los Angeles Cultural Heritage Commission installed a plaque on the building where the original Black Cat Tavern resided recognizing it as the site of the first documented LGBTQ civil rights demonstration in the nation. Despite the honor, by the time of the Black Cat demonstrations, there had been over 20 similar civil rights protests involving the LGBT community in the United States, including several in the Los Angeles area, such as the Cooper's Do-nuts protest of 1956. The organization PRIDE would eventually go on to become The Advocate, leading to <em>The Advocate </em>newsletter famously becoming a major LGBT publication and one of the most prolific sources of information for the queer community. </p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/paragraphs/paragraph--text.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--gallery--default.html.twig x paragraph--gallery.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/paragraphs/paragraph--gallery.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--gallery paragraph--view-mode--default container" style="width: 90vw;"> <ul class="gallery-carousel"> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/p15799coll4_5842_large.jpg?itok=Xk-JRAUz" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="black cat demonstration.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">black cat demonstration.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/p15799coll4_5843_large.jpg?itok=X_UL7bvH" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="black cat2.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">black cat2.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/p15799coll4_5844_large.jpg?itok=Ml9NskIi" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="black cat3.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">black cat3.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/p15799coll4_5845_large.jpg?itok=1PrAnZQW" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="black cat4.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">black cat4.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/p15799coll4_5846_large.jpg?itok=jNaLfW_k" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="black cat5.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">black cat5.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/image_1967_black_cat_protest_leaflet.jpg?itok=XFbcR3H9" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="image 1967 black cat protest leaflet.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">image 1967 black cat protest leaflet.jpg</p> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery-carousel__nav"> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/p15799coll4_5842_large.jpg?itok=kixkw1Fz" alt="black cat demonstration.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/p15799coll4_5843_large.jpg?itok=UkrJJG-I" alt="black cat2.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/p15799coll4_5844_large.jpg?itok=fs4NVWK8" alt="black cat3.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/p15799coll4_5845_large.jpg?itok=a3bQX4KQ" alt="black cat4.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/p15799coll4_5846_large.jpg?itok=lAhgVtWA" alt="black cat5.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/image_1967_black_cat_protest_leaflet.jpg?itok=zsDB2734" alt="image 1967 black cat protest leaflet.jpg"/> </li> </ul> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/paragraphs/paragraph--gallery.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-citations--story.html.twig * field--node--field-citations.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-citations.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-citations field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Citations</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p><a href="www.laalmanac.com/history/hi712.php">“LGBTQ History in Los Angeles: Cooper Do-Nuts and Black Cat Tavern.”</a> <em>Los Angeles Almanac</em>, 31 Mar. 2021</p> <p><a href="choice.npr.org/index.html?origin=https://www.npr.org/2017/02/13/514935126/stonewall-riots-grab-the-spotlight-from-black-cat-protests">“Stonewall Riots Grab The Spotlight From Black Cat Protests.”</a> <em>NPR</em>, 13 Feb. 2017</p> <p>Bedwell, Michael. <a href="www.lgbtqnation.com/2019/10/black-cat-gay-riot-well-known-also-myth">“The ‘Black Cat Gay Riot’ Is Well-Known… It’s Also a Myth.”</a> <em>LGBTQ Nation</em>, 5 Oct. 2019</p> <p>Hornet Networks. <a href="hornet.com/stories/black-cat-raid-history">“The Police, Disguised as Patrons, Attacked Queer People at the Black Cat Tavern.”</a> <em>Hornet</em>, 5 May 2021</p> <p><a href="thirstyinla.com/2015/06/12/alexei-romanoff-lgbt-black-cat">“The LGBT Civil Rights Legacy of The Black Cat.”</a> <em>Thirsty in LA</em>, 12 June 2015</p> <p><a href="http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/digital/collection/p15799coll4/search/searchterm/the%20black%20cat">“The Black Cat.”</a> <em>USC Digital Libraries</em>, ONE National Gay and Lesbian Archives, 11 February 1967</p></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-authors--story.html.twig * field--node--field-authors.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig x field--field-authors.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/field/field--field-authors.html.twig' --> <div class="authors"> <h3 class="heading "> Authors </h3> <article class="author"> <div class="author__details"> <div class="author__name"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/8436" hreflang="en">One Archives</a> </div> </div> </article> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/field/field--field-authors.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-node-ref--story.html.twig * field--node--field-node-ref.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-node-ref.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-node-ref field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Places</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--view--taxonomy-term--page-1.html.twig * node--view--taxonomy-term.html.twig * node--3571--teaser.html.twig * node--3571.html.twig * node--place--teaser.html.twig * node--place.html.twig x node--teaser.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/content/node--teaser.html.twig' --> <div class="news-teaser"> <div class="news-teaser__content"> <a class="news-teaser__title" href="/archive-location/black-cat"> <h3 class="heading "> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--place.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">The Black Cat</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </h3> </a> <div class="news-teaser__date"> Thu, 08/16/2018 </div> <a class="news-teaser__link" href="/archive-location/black-cat"> Read more <svg aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8" height="10" viewbox="0 0 8 16"><path d="M5.33 8l-5 5.63a1.52 1.52 0 000 2 1.13 1.13 0 001.74 0l5.57-6.31A1.52 1.52 0 008 8a1.52 1.52 0 00-.32-1.32L2.09.41a1.13 1.13 0 00-1.73 0 1.52 1.52 0 000 2z" fill="#404041"/></svg></a> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/content/node--teaser.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-links--story.html.twig * field--node--field-links.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-links.html.twig * field--link.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Links</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2019/10/black-cat-gay-riot-well-known-also-myth/">The ‘Black Cat gay riot’ is well-known… it’s also a myth</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.laalmanac.com/history/hi712.php">LGBTQ History Made in Los Angeles: Cooper Do-Nuts and the Black Cat Tavern</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.npr.org/2017/02/13/514935126/stonewall-riots-grab-the-spotlight-from-black-cat-protests">Stonewall Riots Grab The Spotlight From Black Cat Protests</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://hornet.com/stories/black-cat-raid-history/">The Police, Disguised as Patrons, Attacked Queer People at the Black Cat Tavern</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://thirstyinla.com/2015/06/12/alexei-romanoff-lgbt-black-cat/">Alexei Romanoff and the LGBT Civil Rights Legacy of The Black Cat</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tags--story.html.twig * field--node--field-tags.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig x field--field-tags.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/field/field--field-tags.html.twig' --> <div class="tags"> <h3 class="heading "> </h3> <div class="tags__container"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/8266" class="tag"> Protests </a> <a href="/taxonomy/term/8071" class="tag"> Gay Bar </a> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/field/field--field-tags.html.twig' --> Wed, 08 Jun 2022 02:25:23 +0000 USCLibWeb 9381 at https://one.usc.edu The Patch Bar Flower Power Protest https://one.usc.edu/story/patch-bar-flower-power-protest <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--story.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">The Patch Bar Flower Power Protest</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--story.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span>USCLibWeb</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--story.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Tue, 06/07/2022 - 15:10</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-thumbnail--story.html.twig * field--node--field-thumbnail.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-thumbnail.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-thumbnail field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/4_3_large/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest1.jpg?h=fff9abc9&amp;itok=qOA6XiSz" width="800" height="600" class="image-style-_-3-large" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-summary--story.html.twig * field--node--field-summary.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-summary.html.twig * field--string-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-summary field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Abstract</div> <div class="field__item">The Patch Bar was the site of the 1968 arrest of two gay men that inspired the LGBTQ bar patrons and the venue&#039;s owner, Lee Glaze, to stage a peaceful &quot;flower power&quot; protest in the Harbor Division Police Station. The unique sit-in was characterized by the act of protestors buying large bouquets of flowers and holding them while occupying the police lobby.</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-content--story.html.twig * field--node--field-content.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-content.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-content field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Content</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--text--default.html.twig x paragraph--text.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/paragraphs/paragraph--text.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="text-card"> <div class="body-text"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-body--text.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-body.html.twig * field--paragraph--text.html.twig * field--field-body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Patch was a gay and lesbian bar in Wilmington, California owned and managed by Lee Glaze. Operating in a time of strict California laws against homosexual activity, Glaze had been warned repeatedly by the LAPD that in order to legally stay in business, he was required to prohibit drag queens, prevent men from dancing together, and refuse to allow more than one person at a time to enter the bar bathrooms. At this time, homosexuality was effectively illegal in California, as was any form of dressing that did not match one's assigned gender in the eyes of the law. As a result, undercover police vice squads often targeted the gay and lesbian bars of Los Angeles, raiding the establishments and subjecting patrons to harrassment and arrest on exaggerated charges.</p> <p>Despite the warnings, Lee Glaze, nicknamed "The Blond Darling" and often pictured surrounded by his drag queen friends, encouraged all of the banned behavior among his bar patrons. Instead of enforcing any of the bans, he instead established a secret signal: when Glaze spotted vice police officers entering The Patch, he would play the song "God Save the Queen" on the jukebox. Patrons would then comply with the police rules to avoid persecution until Glaze gave the all-clear signal. <br /><br /> However, despite Glaze's warning system, on August 17th, 1968, when undercover vice police officers entered The Patch, frustrations over ongoing police harassment came to a head. Accounts vary on the exact events that led to the police arresting two patrons; some assert that the officers witnessed a man flirtatiously touching another man's behind, while others say Glaze impulsively singled out the officers from onstage and taunted them, apparently chiding the LAPD for sending such "homely" officers. The undercover officers then left, but returned around midnight with five to six uniformed officers as backup. Regardless of the exact string of events leading up to to the arrests, the accounts of the outcome are constant: the police fanned out and began screening the crowd, demanding to see patron IDs — a common form of police harrassment against LGBTQ citizens that left anyone whose outward appearance didn't "match" their assigned gender vulnerable to being arrested for cross-dressing, or "masquerading" as it was often called. Two bar patrons were arrested on charges of lewd conduct, and Lee Glaze was enraged by this, as he knew the charges could only be false because the two arrested men were competing for the attention of the same man, but held no romantic interest in each other. "How could you possibly arrest two queens that hated each other?" Glaze recalled in a 1994 interview. </p> <p>Regardless, while the police were still present in the bar, Glaze jumped on stage and addressed the crowd of patrons: "It's not against the law to be a homosexual, and it's not a crime to be in a gay bar!" He then rallied his customers to chant "We're Americans too!", and promised that he and The Patch would post bail for the arrested men. Eventually, Glaze led the crowd of incensed patrons into a flower shop owned by one of the customers present that night, and together they bought massive quantities of carnations, roses, daisies, gladioli, and mums. With arms full of flowers, the crowd continued on to the Harbor Division Police Station. As Troy Perry, boyfriend of one of the arrested men and founder of the <a href="https://one.usc.edu/archive-location/reverend-troy-perrys-metropolitan-community-church">Metropolitan Community Church</a>, later recalled in an interview:</p> <blockquote> <p>"When we arrived at the police station, Lee told the officer at the desk, 'We’re here to get our sisters out.' The officer asked, 'What are your sisters’ names?' When Lee said, 'Tony Valdez and Bill Hasting,' the officer had this surprised look on his face and called for backup. They didn’t know what to do with all the gay men waiting in the lobby. …Lee showed me you don’t have to be afraid of the police. Once that happened, it encouraged me to become a gay activist."</p> </blockquote> <p>Lee Glaze and his gathered patrons camped out in the police station waiting room for the duration of the night, waiting for bail to be posted for their arrested friends. An officer is said to have warned the crowd with "One flower hits me, and you're going to be charged with assault on a police officer." The protest, now referred to as the Flower Power protest, remained entirely peaceful, with no further altercations or arrests made while the assembled crowd milled about the police lobby. One account claims that the protest took place over the course of two hours, while others including the Los Angeles asserts that the bondsman arrived and posted bail soon after the caravan of protestors arrived, but the officers themselves held the two men for several more hours before dropping the charges and releasing them at dawn. </p> <p>The Flower Power protest spearheaded by Lee Glaze and The Patch marked the rare instance of a gay bar surviving the aftermath of a police raid; rather than flee and never return to The Patch, customers not only protested with Glaze, but returned to the bar after the event. Lee Glaze expressed his gratitude to his patrons in a letter to <em>The Los Angeles Advocate</em>: </p> <blockquote> <p>"If all gay bars had customers such as mine, there would be no further harassment from various agencies such as the ABC the police, and the so-called 'straight' public. Throughout these problems their attitude has been “We’ re doing nothing wrong. We re hurting no one. There is nothing illegal about being in a gay bar. There is nothing Illegal about a bar being gay. And we’re staying. Period.</p> <p>These people have finally had it. They’re standing up for their rights as individuals."</p> </blockquote> <p>In the months following The Patch Flower Power protest, numerous queer activist organizations were founded in Long Beach and the surrounding Los Angeles area, including a legal aid group and the aforementioned Metropolitan Community Church founded by Troy Perry, inspired into inception when Tony Valdez, one of the men arrested that night, turned to Perry and said "God doesn't care about us." The MCC has now grown to a congregation of over 43,000 members.</p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/paragraphs/paragraph--text.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--gallery--default.html.twig x paragraph--gallery.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/paragraphs/paragraph--gallery.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--gallery paragraph--view-mode--default container" style="width: 90vw;"> <ul class="gallery-carousel"> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest1.jpg?itok=7KV7Fcl0" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest1.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest1.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest2.jpg?itok=Jgj0wukM" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest2.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest2.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest3.jpg?itok=gpZ7nW5s" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest3.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest3.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest4.jpg?itok=dy_-0SF0" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest4.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest4.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest5.jpg?itok=BiCDFDJP" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest5.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest5.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest6.jpg?itok=HXpBJt0l" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest6.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest6.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest7.jpg?itok=BEDJTHfs" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest7.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest7.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest8.jpg?itok=E80lDSgC" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest8.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest8.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest9.jpg?itok=grW_WPjq" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest9.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest9.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest10.jpg?itok=SnmxhVUl" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest10.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest10.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest11.jpg?itok=6KLXCerh" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest11.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest11.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest12.jpg?itok=kpXcXASK" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest12.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest12.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest13.jpg?itok=F0hRvNcB" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest13.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest13.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest14.jpg?itok=1CTlZNRn" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest14.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest14.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest15.jpg?itok=60LKMrHP" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest15.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest15.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest16.jpg?itok=QBI_-ldZ" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest16.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest16.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest17.jpg?itok=1Xyeqmlx" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest17.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest17.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/leeglaz.jpg?itok=f48LJdQe" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="leeglaz.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">leeglaz.jpg</p> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery-carousel__nav"> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest1.jpg?itok=HvbLbSoh" alt="patch protest1.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest2.jpg?itok=3crX-rlP" alt="patch protest2.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest3.jpg?itok=w73urAR5" alt="patch protest3.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest4.jpg?itok=oqYS9I4L" alt="patch protest4.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest5.jpg?itok=eifINZDj" alt="patch protest5.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest6.jpg?itok=eyLbDJfY" alt="patch protest6.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest7.jpg?itok=pcsfRmDC" alt="patch protest7.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest8.jpg?itok=KNkMNkrO" alt="patch protest8.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest9.jpg?itok=O0Ff9sj7" alt="patch protest9.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest10.jpg?itok=TiNBEYwd" alt="patch protest10.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest11.jpg?itok=G-z8aZdB" alt="patch protest11.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest12.jpg?itok=fY4R-4fF" alt="patch protest12.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest13.jpg?itok=BGldI9DZ" alt="patch protest13.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest14.jpg?itok=ePSbAcwc" alt="patch protest14.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest15.jpg?itok=O-tQKqnz" alt="patch protest15.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest16.jpg?itok=vK2fWPeY" alt="patch protest16.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest17.jpg?itok=GF3yvlcO" alt="patch protest17.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/leeglaz.jpg?itok=j6hfZZ7F" alt="leeglaz.jpg"/> </li> </ul> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/paragraphs/paragraph--gallery.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-citations--story.html.twig * field--node--field-citations.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-citations.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-citations field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Citations</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p>Burroway, Jim. <a href="www.boxturtlebulletin.com/2016/08/17/75417">“Box Turtle Bulletin » Today In History, 1968: The Flower Power Protest Against Los Angeles Police.”</a> <em>Box Turtle Bulletin</em>, 17 Aug. 2016</p> <p>Gurba, Myriam. <a href="www.kcet.org/shows/lost-la/god-save-the-queen-of-angels-the-legend-of-the-patch">“God Save the Queen of Angels: The Legend of the Patch.”</a> <em>KCET</em>, 14 June 2016</p> <p>Boxall, Bettina. <a href="www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-06-26-mn-8875-story.html">“Fight for Gay Rights Started Early in L.A.”</a> <em>Los Angeles Times</em>, 26 June 1994</p> <p>Zonkel, Phillip. <a href="blogs.presstelegram.com/outinthe562/2012/11/17/ex-long-beach-resident-lee-glaze-a-gay-rights-pioneer-fought-police-brutality/#more-3496">“Ex-Long Beach Resident Lee Glaze a Gay Rights Pioneer, Fought Police Brutality.”</a> <em>Out in the 562</em>, 17 Nov. 2012</p> <p>Zonkel, Phillip. <a href="blogs.presstelegram.com/outinthe562/2012/09/04/updated-long-beach-historical-society-launches-ground-breaking-lgbt-project">“UPDATED: Long Beach Historical Society Launches Ground Breaking LGBT Project.”</a> <em>Out in the 562</em>, 4 Sept. 2012</p> <p>Zonkel, Phillip. <a href="blogs.presstelegram.com/outinthe562/2014/02/04/former-long-beach-resident-lee-glaze-a-pioneer-in-the-fight-for-gay-rights-dies-at-75/#more-4933">“Former Long Beach Resident Lee Glaze – a Pioneer in the Fight for Gay Rights – Dies at 75.”</a> <em>Out in the 562</em>, 4 Feb. 2014</p> <p>Zonkel, Phillip. <a href="qvoicenews.com/2019/09/05/51-years-ago-lee-glaze-fought-police-harassment-made-gay-history">“51 Years Ago Lee Glaze Fought Police Harassment &amp; Made Gay History.”</a> <em>Q Voice News</em>, 5 Sept. 2019</p> <p>Garcia, Karen. <a href="www.newtimesslo.com/sanluisobispo/before-stonewall-demonstrations-in-la-called-for-equal-rights/Content?oid=9877392">“Before Stonewall, Demonstrations in LA Called for Equal Rights.”</a> <em>New Times San Luis Obispo</em>, 2 July 2020</p> <p><a href="https://laist.com/news/troy-perry">“The Only Surviving Founder Of L.A. Pride Talks About The March’s History.”</a> <em>LAist</em>, 6 June 2017</p> <p><a href="http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/digital/collection/p15799coll4/search/searchterm/the%20patch/page/1">“The Patch.”</a> <em>USC Digital Libraries</em>, ONE National Gay and Lesbian Archives, 11 February 1967</p></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-authors--story.html.twig * field--node--field-authors.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig x field--field-authors.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/field/field--field-authors.html.twig' --> <div class="authors"> <h3 class="heading "> Authors </h3> <article class="author"> <div class="author__details"> <div class="author__name"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/8436" hreflang="en">One Archives</a> </div> </div> </article> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/field/field--field-authors.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-node-ref--story.html.twig * field--node--field-node-ref.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-node-ref.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-node-ref field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Places</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--view--taxonomy-term--page-1.html.twig * node--view--taxonomy-term.html.twig * node--3246--teaser.html.twig * node--3246.html.twig * node--place--teaser.html.twig * node--place.html.twig x node--teaser.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/content/node--teaser.html.twig' --> <div class="news-teaser"> <div class="news-teaser__content"> <a class="news-teaser__title" href="/archive-location/patch-bar-flower-power-protest"> <h3 class="heading "> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--place.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">The Patch Bar Flower Power Protest</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </h3> </a> <div class="news-teaser__date"> Thu, 08/16/2018 </div> <a class="news-teaser__link" href="/archive-location/patch-bar-flower-power-protest"> Read more <svg aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8" height="10" viewbox="0 0 8 16"><path d="M5.33 8l-5 5.63a1.52 1.52 0 000 2 1.13 1.13 0 001.74 0l5.57-6.31A1.52 1.52 0 008 8a1.52 1.52 0 00-.32-1.32L2.09.41a1.13 1.13 0 00-1.73 0 1.52 1.52 0 000 2z" fill="#404041"/></svg></a> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/content/node--teaser.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-links--story.html.twig * field--node--field-links.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-links.html.twig * field--link.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Links</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.boxturtlebulletin.com/2016/08/17/75417">Today In History, 1968: The Flower Power Protest Against Los Angeles Police</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.kcet.org/shows/lost-la/god-save-the-queen-of-angels-the-legend-of-the-patch">God Save the Queen of Angels: The Legend of the Patch</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-06-26-mn-8875-story.html">Fight for Gay Rights Started Early in L.A.</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://blogs.presstelegram.com/outinthe562/2012/11/17/ex-long-beach-resident-lee-glaze-a-gay-rights-pioneer-fought-police-brutality/#more-3496">Ex-Long Beach resident Lee Glaze a gay rights pioneer, fought police brutality</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://blogs.presstelegram.com/outinthe562/2012/09/04/updated-long-beach-historical-society-launches-ground-breaking-lgbt-project/">UPDATED: Long Beach Historical Society launches ground breaking LGBT project</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://blogs.presstelegram.com/outinthe562/2014/02/04/former-long-beach-resident-lee-glaze-a-pioneer-in-the-fight-for-gay-rights-dies-at-75/#more-4933">Former Long Beach resident Lee Glaze – a pioneer in the fight for gay rights – …</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://qvoicenews.com/2019/09/05/51-years-ago-lee-glaze-fought-police-harassment-made-gay-history/">51 years ago Lee Glaze fought police harassment &amp; made gay history</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.newtimesslo.com/sanluisobispo/before-stonewall-demonstrations-in-la-called-for-equal-rights/Content?oid=9877392">Before Stonewall, demonstrations in LA called for equal rights</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://laist.com/news/troy-perry">The Only Surviving Founder Of L.A. Pride Talks About The March&#039;s History</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tags--story.html.twig * field--node--field-tags.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig x field--field-tags.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/field/field--field-tags.html.twig' --> <div class="tags"> <h3 class="heading "> </h3> <div class="tags__container"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/8266" class="tag"> Protests </a> <a href="/taxonomy/term/8071" class="tag"> Gay Bar </a> <a href="/taxonomy/term/7801" class="tag"> Gay Liberation </a> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/field/field--field-tags.html.twig' --> Tue, 07 Jun 2022 22:10:42 +0000 USCLibWeb 9371 at https://one.usc.edu The Black Cat https://one.usc.edu/archive-location/black-cat <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--place.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">The Black Cat</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-alt-names--place.html.twig * field--node--field-alt-names.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-alt-names.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-alt-names field--type-string field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Alternate Names</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">The Black Cat Tavern</div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--place.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span>USCLibWeb</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--place.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Thu, 08/16/2018 - 13:08</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-first-doc-date--place.html.twig * field--node--field-first-doc-date.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-first-doc-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-first-doc-date field--type-datetime field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">First Documented</div> <div class="field__item">1966</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-last-doc-date--place.html.twig * field--node--field-last-doc-date.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-last-doc-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-last-doc-date field--type-datetime field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Last Documented</div> <div class="field__item">1969</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-address--place.html.twig * field--node--field-address.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-address.html.twig * field--address.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-address field--type-address field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="address" translate="no"><span class="organization">The Black Cat</span><br> <span class="address-line1">3909 Sunset Blvd</span><br> <span class="locality">Los Angeles</span>, <span class="administrative-area">CA</span><br> <span class="country">United States</span></p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tags--place.html.twig * field--node--field-tags.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig x field--field-tags.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/field/field--field-tags.html.twig' --> <div class="tags"> <h3 class="heading "> </h3> <div class="tags__container"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/8071" class="tag"> Gay Bar </a> <a href="/taxonomy/term/8266" class="tag"> Protests </a> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/field/field--field-tags.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-type--place.html.twig * field--node--field-type.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/6806" hreflang="en">bar</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-summary--place.html.twig * field--node--field-summary.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-summary.html.twig * field--string-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-summary field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Abstract</div> <div class="field__item">The Black Cat Tavern is the recognized site of the first documented LGBTQ civil rights demonstration. In February of 1967, over 200 LGBT patrons of the tavern marched peacefully in a counter-protest against police brutality following a raid in the tavern on New Year&#039;s Eve of 1966, where police entered the bar disguised&amp;nbsp;in plainclothes and beat several patrons for exchanging same-sex kisses at the stroke of midnight.</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-content--place.html.twig * field--node--field-content.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-content.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-content field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item clearfix"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--gallery--default.html.twig x paragraph--gallery.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/paragraphs/paragraph--gallery.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--gallery paragraph--view-mode--default container" style="width: 90vw;"> <ul class="gallery-carousel"> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/p15799coll4_5842_large.jpg?itok=Xk-JRAUz" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="black cat demonstration.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">black cat demonstration.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/p15799coll4_5843_large.jpg?itok=X_UL7bvH" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="black cat2.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">black cat2.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/p15799coll4_5844_large.jpg?itok=Ml9NskIi" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="black cat3.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">black cat3.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/p15799coll4_5845_large.jpg?itok=1PrAnZQW" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="black cat4.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">black cat4.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/p15799coll4_5846_large.jpg?itok=jNaLfW_k" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="black cat5.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">black cat5.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/image_1967_black_cat_protest_leaflet.jpg?itok=XFbcR3H9" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="image 1967 black cat protest leaflet.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">image 1967 black cat protest leaflet.jpg</p> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery-carousel__nav"> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/p15799coll4_5842_large.jpg?itok=kixkw1Fz" alt="black cat demonstration.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/p15799coll4_5843_large.jpg?itok=UkrJJG-I" alt="black cat2.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/p15799coll4_5844_large.jpg?itok=fs4NVWK8" alt="black cat3.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/p15799coll4_5845_large.jpg?itok=a3bQX4KQ" alt="black cat4.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/p15799coll4_5846_large.jpg?itok=lAhgVtWA" alt="black cat5.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/image_1967_black_cat_protest_leaflet.jpg?itok=zsDB2734" alt="image 1967 black cat protest leaflet.jpg"/> </li> </ul> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/paragraphs/paragraph--gallery.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-citations--place.html.twig * field--node--field-citations.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-citations.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-citations field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Citations</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p tab-interval="0.5in"><a href="www.laalmanac.com/history/hi712.php">“LGBTQ History in Los Angeles: Cooper Do-Nuts and Black Cat Tavern.”</a> <i>Los Angeles Almanac</i>, 31 Mar. 2021</p><p tab-interval="0.5in"><a href="choice.npr.org/index.html?origin=https://www.npr.org/2017/02/13/514935126/stonewall-riots-grab-the-spotlight-from-black-cat-protests">“Stonewall Riots Grab The Spotlight From Black Cat Protests.”</a> <i>NPR</i>, 13 Feb. 2017</p><p tab-interval="0.5in">Bedwell, Michael. <a href="www.lgbtqnation.com/2019/10/black-cat-gay-riot-well-known-also-myth">“The ‘Black Cat Gay Riot’ Is Well-Known… It’s Also a Myth.”</a> <i>LGBTQ Nation</i>, 5 Oct. 2019</p><p tab-interval="0.5in">Hornet Networks. <a href="hornet.com/stories/black-cat-raid-history">“The Police, Disguised as Patrons, Attacked Queer People at the Black Cat Tavern.”</a> <i>Hornet</i>, 5 May 2021</p><p tab-interval="0.5in"><a href="thirstyinla.com/2015/06/12/alexei-romanoff-lgbt-black-cat">“The LGBT Civil Rights Legacy of The Black Cat.”</a> <i>Thirsty in LA</i>, 12 June 2015</p><p><a href="http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/digital/collection/p15799coll4/search/searchterm/the%20black%20cat">“The Black Cat.”</a> <i>USC Digital Libraries</i>, ONE National Gay and Lesbian Archives, 11 February 1967</p></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-geo-location--place.html.twig * field--node--field-geo-location.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-geo-location.html.twig * field--geolocation.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-geo-location field--type-geolocation field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Geo</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'geolocation_latlng_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/geolocation/templates/geolocation-latlng-formatter.html.twig' --> <span typeof="Place"> <span property="geo" typeof="GeoCoordinates"> <meta property="latitude" content="34.0922208"> <meta property="longitude" content="-118.2796587"> </span> <span class="geolocation-latlng">34.0922208, -118.2796587</span> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/geolocation/templates/geolocation-latlng-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-links--place.html.twig * field--node--field-links.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-links.html.twig * field--link.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Links</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2019/10/black-cat-gay-riot-well-known-also-myth/">The ‘Black Cat gay riot’ is well-known… it’s also a myth</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="http://www.laalmanac.com/history/hi712.php">LGBTQ History Made in Los Angeles: Cooper Do-Nuts and the Black Cat Tavern</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.npr.org/2017/02/13/514935126/stonewall-riots-grab-the-spotlight-from-black-cat-protests">Stonewall Riots Grab The Spotlight From Black Cat Protests</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://hornet.com/stories/black-cat-raid-history/">The Police, Disguised as Patrons, Attacked Queer People at the Black Cat Tavern</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="http://thirstyinla.com/2015/06/12/alexei-romanoff-lgbt-black-cat/">Alexei Romanoff and the LGBT Civil Rights Legacy of The Black Cat</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Thu, 16 Aug 2018 20:08:00 +0000 USCLibWeb 3571 at https://one.usc.edu The Patch Bar Flower Power Protest https://one.usc.edu/archive-location/patch-bar-flower-power-protest <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--place.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">The Patch Bar Flower Power Protest</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-alt-names--place.html.twig * field--node--field-alt-names.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-alt-names.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-alt-names field--type-string field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Alternate Names</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">The Patch Bar</div> <div class="field__item">The Patch</div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--place.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span>USCLibWeb</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--place.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Thu, 08/16/2018 - 13:07</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-first-doc-date--place.html.twig * field--node--field-first-doc-date.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-first-doc-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-first-doc-date field--type-datetime field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">First Documented</div> <div class="field__item">1960</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-last-doc-date--place.html.twig * field--node--field-last-doc-date.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-last-doc-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-last-doc-date field--type-datetime field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Last Documented</div> <div class="field__item">1970</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-address--place.html.twig * field--node--field-address.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-address.html.twig * field--address.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-address field--type-address field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="address" translate="no"><span class="organization">The Patch Bar</span><br> <span class="address-line1">610 W Pacific Coast Highway</span><br> <span class="locality">Los Angeles</span>, <span class="administrative-area">CA</span><br> <span class="country">United States</span></p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tags--place.html.twig * field--node--field-tags.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig x field--field-tags.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/field/field--field-tags.html.twig' --> <div class="tags"> <h3 class="heading "> </h3> <div class="tags__container"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/8266" class="tag"> Protests </a> <a href="/taxonomy/term/8071" class="tag"> Gay Bar </a> <a href="/taxonomy/term/7801" class="tag"> Gay Liberation </a> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/field/field--field-tags.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-type--place.html.twig * field--node--field-type.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/6806" hreflang="en">bar</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-summary--place.html.twig * field--node--field-summary.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-summary.html.twig * field--string-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-summary field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Abstract</div> <div class="field__item">The Patch Bar was the site of the&amp;nbsp;1968 arrest of two gay men that inspired&amp;nbsp;the LGBTQ bar patrons and the venue&#039;s owner, Lee Glaze,&amp;nbsp;to stage a peaceful &quot;flower power&quot; protest in the Harbor Division&amp;nbsp;Police Station. The unique sit-in was characterized by the&amp;nbsp;act of protestors buying large bouquets of flowers and holding them while occupying the police lobby.</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-content--place.html.twig * field--node--field-content.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-content.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-content field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item clearfix"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--gallery--default.html.twig x paragraph--gallery.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/paragraphs/paragraph--gallery.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--gallery paragraph--view-mode--default container" style="width: 90vw;"> <ul class="gallery-carousel"> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest12.jpg?itok=kpXcXASK" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest12.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest12.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest11.jpg?itok=6KLXCerh" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest11.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest11.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest13.jpg?itok=F0hRvNcB" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest13.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest13.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest17.jpg?itok=1Xyeqmlx" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest17.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest17.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest16.jpg?itok=QBI_-ldZ" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest16.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest16.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest15.jpg?itok=60LKMrHP" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest15.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest15.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest14.jpg?itok=1CTlZNRn" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest14.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest14.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest10.jpg?itok=SnmxhVUl" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest10.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest10.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest9.jpg?itok=grW_WPjq" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest9.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest9.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest1.jpg?itok=7KV7Fcl0" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest1.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest1.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest8.jpg?itok=E80lDSgC" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest8.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest8.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest2.jpg?itok=Jgj0wukM" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest2.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest2.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest3.jpg?itok=gpZ7nW5s" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest3.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest3.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest4.jpg?itok=dy_-0SF0" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest4.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest4.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest5.jpg?itok=BiCDFDJP" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest5.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest5.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest6.jpg?itok=HXpBJt0l" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest6.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest6.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest7.jpg?itok=BEDJTHfs" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="patch protest7.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">patch protest7.jpg</p> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_4_3/public/images/media/queer_terrains/leeglaz.jpg?itok=f48LJdQe" class="gallery-carousel-item__media" alt="leeglaz.jpg"/> <p class="gallery-carousel-item__text">leeglaz.jpg</p> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery-carousel__nav"> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest12.jpg?itok=fY4R-4fF" alt="patch protest12.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest11.jpg?itok=G-z8aZdB" alt="patch protest11.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest13.jpg?itok=BGldI9DZ" alt="patch protest13.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest17.jpg?itok=GF3yvlcO" alt="patch protest17.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest16.jpg?itok=vK2fWPeY" alt="patch protest16.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest15.jpg?itok=O-tQKqnz" alt="patch protest15.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest14.jpg?itok=ePSbAcwc" alt="patch protest14.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest10.jpg?itok=TiNBEYwd" alt="patch protest10.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest9.jpg?itok=O0Ff9sj7" alt="patch protest9.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest1.jpg?itok=HvbLbSoh" alt="patch protest1.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest8.jpg?itok=KNkMNkrO" alt="patch protest8.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest2.jpg?itok=3crX-rlP" alt="patch protest2.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest3.jpg?itok=w73urAR5" alt="patch protest3.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest4.jpg?itok=oqYS9I4L" alt="patch protest4.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest5.jpg?itok=eifINZDj" alt="patch protest5.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest6.jpg?itok=eyLbDJfY" alt="patch protest6.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/patch_protest7.jpg?itok=pcsfRmDC" alt="patch protest7.jpg"/> </li> <li class="gallery-carousel__nav-item"> <img src="https://one.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/media/queer_terrains/leeglaz.jpg?itok=j6hfZZ7F" alt="leeglaz.jpg"/> </li> </ul> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/paragraphs/paragraph--gallery.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-citations--place.html.twig * field--node--field-citations.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-citations.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-citations field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Citations</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p tab-interval="0.5in">Burroway, Jim. <a href="www.boxturtlebulletin.com/2016/08/17/75417">“Box Turtle Bulletin » Today In History, 1968: The Flower Power Protest Against Los Angeles Police.”</a> <i>Box Turtle Bulletin</i>, 17 Aug. 2016</p><p tab-interval="0.5in">Gurba, Myriam. <a href="www.kcet.org/shows/lost-la/god-save-the-queen-of-angels-the-legend-of-the-patch">“God Save the Queen of Angels: The Legend of the Patch.”</a> <i>KCET</i>, 14 June 2016</p><p tab-interval="0.5in">Boxall, Bettina. <a href="www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-06-26-mn-8875-story.html">“Fight for Gay Rights Started Early in L.A.”</a> <i>Los Angeles Times</i>, 26 June 1994</p><p tab-interval="0.5in">Zonkel, Phillip. <a href="blogs.presstelegram.com/outinthe562/2012/11/17/ex-long-beach-resident-lee-glaze-a-gay-rights-pioneer-fought-police-brutality/#more-3496">“Ex-Long Beach Resident Lee Glaze a Gay Rights Pioneer, Fought Police Brutality.”</a> <i>Out in the 562</i>, 17 Nov. 2012</p><p tab-interval="0.5in">Zonkel, Phillip. <a href="blogs.presstelegram.com/outinthe562/2012/09/04/updated-long-beach-historical-society-launches-ground-breaking-lgbt-project">“UPDATED: Long Beach Historical Society Launches Ground Breaking LGBT Project.”</a> <i>Out in the 562</i>, 4 Sept. 2012</p><p tab-interval="0.5in">Zonkel, Phillip. <a href="blogs.presstelegram.com/outinthe562/2014/02/04/former-long-beach-resident-lee-glaze-a-pioneer-in-the-fight-for-gay-rights-dies-at-75/#more-4933">“Former Long Beach Resident Lee Glaze – a Pioneer in the Fight for Gay Rights – Dies at 75.”</a> <i>Out in the 562</i>, 4 Feb. 2014</p><p tab-interval="0.5in">Zonkel, Phillip. <a href="qvoicenews.com/2019/09/05/51-years-ago-lee-glaze-fought-police-harassment-made-gay-history">“51 Years Ago Lee Glaze Fought Police Harassment &amp; Made Gay History.”</a> <i>Q Voice News</i>, 5 Sept. 2019</p><p tab-interval="0.5in">Garcia, Karen. <a href="www.newtimesslo.com/sanluisobispo/before-stonewall-demonstrations-in-la-called-for-equal-rights/Content?oid=9877392">“Before Stonewall, Demonstrations in LA Called for Equal Rights.”</a> <i>New Times San Luis Obispo</i>, 2 July 2020</p><p tab-interval="0.5in"><a href="https://laist.com/news/troy-perry">“The Only Surviving Founder Of L.A. Pride Talks About The March’s History.”</a> <i>LAist</i>, 6 June 2017</p><p tab-interval="0.5in"><a href="http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/digital/collection/p15799coll4/search/searchterm/the%20patch/page/1">“The Patch.”</a> <i>USC Digital Libraries</i>, ONE National Gay and Lesbian Archives, 11 February 1967</p></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-geo-location--place.html.twig * field--node--field-geo-location.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-geo-location.html.twig * field--geolocation.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-geo-location field--type-geolocation field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Geo</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'geolocation_latlng_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/geolocation/templates/geolocation-latlng-formatter.html.twig' --> <span typeof="Place"> <span property="geo" typeof="GeoCoordinates"> <meta property="latitude" content="33.7904686"> <meta property="longitude" content="-118.2699914"> </span> <span class="geolocation-latlng">33.7904686, -118.2699914</span> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/geolocation/templates/geolocation-latlng-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-links--place.html.twig * field--node--field-links.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-links.html.twig * field--link.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Links</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="http://www.boxturtlebulletin.com/2016/08/17/75417">Today In History, 1968: The Flower Power Protest Against Los Angeles Police</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.kcet.org/shows/lost-la/god-save-the-queen-of-angels-the-legend-of-the-patch">God Save the Queen of Angels: The Legend of the Patch</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-06-26-mn-8875-story.html">Fight for Gay Rights Started Early in L.A.</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="http://blogs.presstelegram.com/outinthe562/2012/11/17/ex-long-beach-resident-lee-glaze-a-gay-rights-pioneer-fought-police-brutality/#more-3496">Ex-Long Beach resident Lee Glaze a gay rights pioneer, fought police brutality</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="http://blogs.presstelegram.com/outinthe562/2012/09/04/updated-long-beach-historical-society-launches-ground-breaking-lgbt-project/">UPDATED: Long Beach Historical Society launches ground breaking LGBT project</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="http://blogs.presstelegram.com/outinthe562/2014/02/04/former-long-beach-resident-lee-glaze-a-pioneer-in-the-fight-for-gay-rights-dies-at-75/#more-4933">Former Long Beach resident Lee Glaze – a pioneer in the fight for gay rights – …</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://qvoicenews.com/2019/09/05/51-years-ago-lee-glaze-fought-police-harassment-made-gay-history/">51 years ago Lee Glaze fought police harassment &amp; made gay history</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.newtimesslo.com/sanluisobispo/before-stonewall-demonstrations-in-la-called-for-equal-rights/Content?oid=9877392">Before Stonewall, demonstrations in LA called for equal rights</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://laist.com/news/troy-perry">The Only Surviving Founder Of L.A. Pride Talks About The March&#039;s History</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Thu, 16 Aug 2018 20:07:13 +0000 USCLibWeb 3246 at https://one.usc.edu Cooper Do-nuts https://one.usc.edu/archive-location/cooper-do-nuts <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--place.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Cooper Do-nuts</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-alt-names--place.html.twig * field--node--field-alt-names.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-alt-names.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-alt-names field--type-string field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Alternate Names</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Cooper&#039;s Do-nuts</div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--place.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span>USCLibWeb</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--place.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Thu, 08/16/2018 - 13:06</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-first-doc-date--place.html.twig * field--node--field-first-doc-date.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-first-doc-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-first-doc-date field--type-datetime field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">First Documented</div> <div class="field__item">1956</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-last-doc-date--place.html.twig * field--node--field-last-doc-date.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-last-doc-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-last-doc-date field--type-datetime field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Last Documented</div> <div class="field__item">1956</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-address--place.html.twig * field--node--field-address.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-address.html.twig * field--address.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-address field--type-address field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="address" translate="no"><span class="organization">Cooper Do-nuts</span><br> <span class="address-line1">316 E 5th St</span><br> <span class="address-line2">547 S Main St</span><br> <span class="locality">Los Angeles</span>, <span class="administrative-area">CA</span> <span class="postal-code">90012</span><br> <span class="country">United States</span></p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tags--place.html.twig * field--node--field-tags.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig x field--field-tags.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/field/field--field-tags.html.twig' --> <div class="tags"> <h3 class="heading "> </h3> <div class="tags__container"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/8261" class="tag"> Riots </a> <a href="/taxonomy/term/8266" class="tag"> Protests </a> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'profiles/custom/one/themes/onearchives_theme/src/templates/field/field--field-tags.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-type--place.html.twig * field--node--field-type.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Type</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/6856" hreflang="en">Restaurant</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-summary--place.html.twig * field--node--field-summary.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-summary.html.twig * field--string-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-summary field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Abstract</div> <div class="field__item">Predating the Stonewall Riots by ten years, Cooper&amp;nbsp;Do-nuts was the site of a 1959 protest&amp;nbsp;against the LAPD&#039;s harrassment of the gay and transgender clientele frequenting the shop. Due to Cooper&amp;nbsp;Do-nuts&#039; proximity to several gay and lesbian establishments, a case of resisting arrest evolved into a full-scale riot that&amp;nbsp;is remembered as&amp;nbsp;the first open act of LGBTQ resistance toward police abuse in the United States.</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-citations--place.html.twig * field--node--field-citations.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-citations.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-citations field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Citations</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p tab-interval="0.5in">Avery, Dan. <a href="www.newnownext.com/5-pre-stonewall-events-that-shaped-the-lgbt-community-trailblazers/06/2014">“5 Pre-Stonewall Moments That Changed the Course of LGBTQ History.”</a> <i>Logo: New, Now, Next</i>, 1 June 2014</p> <p tab-interval="0.5in">SAYiT. <a href="sayit.org.uk/lgbt-history-month-the-cooper-donuts-riot-1959">“LGBT+ History Month: The Cooper Donuts Riot - 1959.”</a> <i>SAYiT</i>, 21 Feb. 2020</p> <p tab-interval="0.5in"><a href="www.laalmanac.com/history/hi712.php">“LGBTQ History in Los Angeles: Cooper Do-Nuts and Black Cat Tavern.”</a> <i>Los Angeles Almanac</i>, 31 Mar. 2021</p> <p tab-interval="0.5in">Zonkel, Phillip. <a href="qvoicenews.com/2018/05/03/queer-history-was-made-at-coopers-donuts-in-los-angeles">“Queer History Was Made at Cooper’s Donuts in Los Angeles.”</a> <i>Q Voice News</i>, 3 May 2018</p> <p tab-interval="0.5in">Moffitt, Evan. <a href="www.out.com/today-gay-history/2015/5/31/today-gay-history-10-years-stonewall-there-was-coopers-donuts-riot">“Today in Gay History: 10 Years Before Stonewall, There Was the Cooper’s Donuts Riot.”</a> <i>Out</i>, 31 May 2015</p> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-geo-location--place.html.twig * field--node--field-geo-location.html.twig * field--node--place.html.twig * field--field-geo-location.html.twig * field--geolocation.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-geo-location field--type-geolocation field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Geo</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'geolocation_latlng_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/geolocation/templates/geolocation-latlng-formatter.html.twig' --> <span typeof="Place"> <span property="geo" typeof="GeoCoordinates"> <meta property="latitude" content="33.9255722"> <meta property="longitude" content="-118.2739173"> </span> <span class="geolocation-latlng">33.9255722, -118.2739173</span> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/geolocation/templates/geolocation-latlng-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/rain_theme/src/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> Thu, 16 Aug 2018 20:06:47 +0000 USCLibWeb 2946 at https://one.usc.edu